What to do in Gyeongju-Si

GYEONGJU-SI

Also known as Seorabeol, is a coastal city located in the far southeastern corner of North Gyeongsang Province. With an area of 1,324 square kilometers, it is the second-largest city in the province. To the east lies the picturesque coast of the Sea of Japan.

Historically, Gyeongju served as the capital of the ancient kingdom of Silla from 57 BC to 935 AD. For nearly a thousand years, it was the political, economic, and cultural center of Silla, which ruled over a significant portion of the Korean peninsula. During its heyday between the 7th and 9th centuries, Silla was a prosperous and influential country, and Gyeongju itself was considered one of the largest cities in the world. Today, the city showcases an abundance of archaeological sites and cultural properties from this period, earning it the nickname “the museum without walls.“

Gyeongju’s landscape is adorned with numerous low mountains, and remnants of the Taebaek range, which add to the natural beauty of the city. These mountains provide opportunities for outdoor activities and scenic hikes.

GOLGULSA TEMPLE

SEOKGURAM GROTTO

BULGUKSA TEMPLE

NAMSAN MOUNTAIN

DONGGUNG PALACE

WOLJEONGGYO BRIDGE

GYOCHON TRADITIONAL VILLAGE

YANGDONG FOLK VILLAGE

DAEREUNGWON TOMB COMPLEX

CHEOMSEONGDAE OBSERVATORY

GOLGULSA TEMPLE

Perched on the tranquil slopes of Hamwolsan Mountain in Gyeongju, is a remarkable testament to the architectural ingenuity of the Silla Dynasty. Dating back approximately 1,500 years, this extraordinary temple was founded by Master Gwangyu and his followers from India. What sets Golgulsa apart is its stunning series of twelve stone caves meticulously carved into the limestone cliff, each serving as sanctuaries for Buddhist statues and places of worship.

Throughout its history, Golgulsa Temple has weathered numerous challenges, including devastation by fire during the mid-to-late Joseon Dynasty. Thanks to the enduring efforts of the Bak clan of Gyeongju, the temple underwent significant restoration about 70 years ago. In 1989, Ven. Seol Jeogun, the head of Girimsa, acquired the temple, ensuring its continued preservation and cultural relevance.

In contemporary times, Golgulsa Temple has gained renown as the epicenter of Seonmudo, a dynamic Korean Zen martial art that blends meditation, martial arts, and yoga-like practices. The temple hosts a variety of cultural events and temple stay programs, offering you a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in Korean Buddhist traditions amidst the serene natural beauty. A highlight of Golgulsa is the seated rock-carved Buddha statue, a 9th-century masterpiece that is a designated national treasure, gazing serenely toward the underwater tomb of King Munmu in the East Sea.

SEOKGURAM GROTTO

Located on the slopes of Mount Tohamsan in South Korea, is a remarkable example of Buddhist art and architecture. Built in the 8th century during the Unified Silla period, the grotto is a hermitage and part of the Bulguksa temple complex. It was designed by Kim Daeseong to serve as a serene meditation site and to house an exquisite statue of the Seated Buddha. The grotto is made up of a series of interconnected chambers, meticulously constructed with granite blocks, showcasing the advanced engineering techniques and artistic sensibilities of the time.

At the heart of Seokguram Grotto is the main chamber, which houses a majestic 3.5-meter-tall statue of the Seated Buddha. The statue is surrounded by intricately carved guardians, Bodhisattvas, and disciples, all depicted with a high level of detail and realism. The serene expression of the Buddha and the harmonious proportions of the figures create an atmosphere of peace and spiritual contemplation. The grotto’s layout and the placement of the sculptures are designed to reflect the principles of Buddhist cosmology and to guide the viewer through a journey of enlightenment.

Seokguram Grotto has been recognized as a masterpiece of Korean Buddhist art and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995. The grotto not only represents the artistic and religious achievements of the Silla period but also serves as a testament to the enduring legacy of Buddhism in Korea. Today, Seokguram Grotto continues to attract pilgrims and you from around the world, who come to admire its architectural beauty, historical significance, and spiritual ambiance.

BULGUKSA TEMPLE

Nestled in the scenic mountains of Gyeongju, stands as a testament to the nation’s rich cultural and spiritual history. Constructed initially in 528 during the Silla Dynasty, the temple has seen several restorations, particularly during the 1970s. Its stunning stonework, including the renowned Dabotap and Seokgatap pagodas, showcases the exceptional craftsmanship of ancient Korean artisans.

Set against a picturesque mountainous backdrop, Bulguksa exudes a serene and spiritual atmosphere. The complex houses several significant structures, such as the main hall, Daeungjeon (Hall of Great Enlightenment), and Gwaneumjeon (Hall of Avalokitesvara), each containing important Buddhist relics and statues. Additionally, the Cheongungyo and Baegungyo bridges serve not just as functional pathways but also embody profound symbolic meanings in Buddhist philosophy.

Today, Bulguksa Temple is a revered site of active worship and a must-visit destination. Having been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995, it continues to draw you to experience its spiritual ambiance and appreciate its historical significance. Whether you seek a deeper understanding of Buddhist culture or simply a peaceful retreat, Bulguksa Temple offers an enriching experience.

NAMSAN MOUNTAIN

Sanding at 466 meters, is part of Gyeongju National Park and is known for its historical and cultural significance. The mountain is dotted with relics from the Silla dynasty, including tombs, temples, and sculptures that offer a glimpse into the past.

Dense forests of pine, oak, and maple cover its slopes, creating a beautiful landscape, especially in autumn. Numerous hiking trails of varying difficulties provide access to the mountain’s scenic spots and historical sites. The Samneung Valley Trail is particularly popular, taking around 2 to 2.5 hours round trip (5.8km). This trail features ancient statues, including the headless Maitreya Buddha, the Shakamuni Buddha, and leads to Sangseonam Hermitage near the peak.

At the foothills, you can explore cultural sites such as Poseokjeong Pavilion and Najeong Well. The mountain also features numerous Buddhist artworks and sculptures, including the three stone Buddha statues of Bae-ri and the headless Stone Seated Buddha of Yongjangsagok Valley. These elements make Namsan Mountain a unique blend of natural beauty and rich heritage.

DONGGUNG PALACE

Formerly known as Anapji, is a remarkable historic site nestled in Gyeongju. Constructed in 674 AD during the Unified Silla period, when Gyeongju served as the capital, this palace complex functioned as a secondary residence for crown princes and a venue for grand banquets. Its architecture is a testament to the unique construction techniques and aesthetic values of the Silla era. Surrounded by lush greenery, the site offers a captivating glimpse into the opulent and sophisticated culture of Silla.

Wolji Pond, an intricately designed artificial pond, was created to mirror a natural landscape, showcasing the advanced engineering and landscaping skills of the Silla Kingdom. Rediscovered in 1975 during an excavation, the pond revealed numerous relics such as pottery, tiles, and wooden artifacts, shedding light on the Silla period’s rich history. At night, the pond transforms into a tranquil haven, with the reflection of the palace structures shimmering on its surface, creating a serene and picturesque ambiance that you can immerse yourself in.

Today, Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond stand as prominent tourist attractions in South Korea, inviting you to delve into the country’s rich historical and cultural heritage. As part of the Gyeongju Historic Areas, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the well-preserved relics and the peaceful environment of the pond offer a unique retreat. This site is not just for history enthusiasts but also for anyone seeking a peaceful escape amidst historic surroundings. It is a living testament to the architectural brilliance and cultural achievements of the Silla Kingdom, waiting for you to explore and appreciate.

WOLJEONGGYO BRIDGE

Is a wooden bridge with deep historical roots, originally built in 760 A.D. during the Unified Silla period. It was meticulously reconstructed and reopened in April 2018, now stretching 66.15 meters (217 feet) and standing as the largest wooden bridge in Korea. The gatehouses at each end serve as small museums, offering exhibits on the bridge’s history and reconstruction. You can explore videos and displays that provide insight into the historical significance and the efforts to rebuild this cultural landmark.

Historically, Woljeonggyo connected Wolseong and Namsan, playing a crucial role for the royal family and the local populace during the Silla period. According to a cherished legend, a Buddhist monk built the bridge to win the love of a princess. Moved by his devotion, she agreed to meet him on the bridge, and their romantic tale has been passed down through generations. The bridge wasn’t just a structure but a symbol of connection, love, and the enduring spirit of the people who built and used it.

At night, Woljeonggyo Bridge is beautifully illuminated, creating a picturesque atmosphere. You can enjoy the tranquil surroundings and participate in cultural events held nearby. The blend of historical importance, architectural beauty, and cultural activities makes Woljeonggyo Bridge a must-visit destination in Gyeongju.

GYOCHON TRADITIONAL VILLAGE

Is a meticulously preserved cultural treasure that offers you an immersive experience into the architectural and cultural heritage of the Joseon Dynasty. The village is renowned for its traditional hanok houses, characterized by their tiled roofs, wooden structures, and elegant simplicity. Each hanok is meticulously maintained to reflect the craftsmanship and aesthetic sensibilities of the past. Established as a settlement during the Silla Period in the 7th century, Gyochon holds significant historical value. It was here that the ‘gukhak,’ the present-day National University, was founded in 682 AD. Among the village’s highlights is the historic Choe Jun House, belonging to a prominent aristocratic family.

As you explore Gyochon Traditional Village, you can partake in various cultural activities and exhibitions that showcase traditional Korean customs and lifestyles. These activities include tea ceremonies, traditional craft-making, and donning the hanbok (traditional Korean clothing), all offering a hands-on approach to learning about Korean culture. One of the village’s cherished legends is the story of the traditional Korean rice wine, Gyeongju Gyo-dong beopju. Brewed for centuries within the village, this unique rice wine is recognized as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage of South Korea. The recipe has been passed down through generations and is believed to bring good fortune and prosperity to those who drink it during special occasions and celebrations.

YANGDONG FOLK VILLAGE

Is a well-preserved traditional village dating back to the Joseon Dynasty. The village is nestled along the Hyeongsan River and surrounded by scenic hills, including Mt. Seolchang to the north. It’s recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, alongside Hahoe Folk Village, for its exceptional representation of traditional Korean architecture and village layout. The village was founded by Son So in the 15th century. He chose the village’s location based on the principles of Pungsu (Korean geomancy), believing it to be an auspicious site. This decision led to the prosperity and longevity of the village.

The village comprises over 160 houses, many of which are still inhabited. These houses include tile-roofed and thatched-roof homes, with 54 historic homes over 200 years old. The village showcases the lifestyle of the yangban (Korean aristocracy) and preserves various folk customs and traditional buildings from the Joseon period. Notable structures within the village include Seobaekodang, Mucheomdang, Hyangdan (National Treasure No. 412), Ihayangjeon, Simsujeong pavilions, and the Ganghakdang village school.

When you visit Yangdong Folk Village, you can experience the traditional Korean way of life through various cultural activities and events. The village hosts traditional rituals, performances, and craft demonstrations, allowing you to immerse yourself in the rich cultural heritage of Korea. The village is open to the public from April to September from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m., and from October to March from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Admission fees are 4,000 won for adults and 1,500 won for children.

DAEREUNGWON TOMB COMPLEX

Also known as Tumuli Park, is home to over 20 large tombs from the Silla Kingdom, which ruled from the 5th to the 6th centuries. These tombs served as the final resting places for royalty and nobility, and they have been meticulously preserved to offer you a glimpse into Korea’s ancient past.

Among the notable tombs in the complex are Cheonmachong (Heavenly Horse Tomb) and Hwangnamdaechong. Cheonmachong is famous for its mural depicting a white horse ascending to heaven, symbolizing the deceased’s journey to the afterlife. The tomb also contains a wealth of artifacts, including gold accessories, pottery, and ancient weapons. Hwangnamdaechong, on the other hand, is the largest tomb in the complex and houses the remains of both a king and queen, along with over 30,000 relics and luxurious accessories.

The tombs are quite distinctive, as they form dome-shaped mounds that dot the landscape, creating a visually striking and serene environment. The site includes the Seobyeokjeong Pavilion, which was used for important ceremonies, and the Stone Tower, which served as a protective barrier around the tombs. The complex is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Korean history and culture, offering a unique opportunity for you to step back in time and experience the grandeur of the Silla era.

CHEOMSEONGDAE OBSERVATORY

Is one of the oldest surviving astronomical observatories in the world. It was constructed during the reign of Queen Seondeok of the Silla Kingdom, around the 7th century. The structure is approximately 9.17 meters high and is composed of 362 granite stones, symbolizing the 362 days of the lunar year. The name “Cheomseongdae” translates to “star-gazing tower,” indicating its primary function of observing celestial events and advancing astronomical knowledge in ancient Korea.

The observatory features a unique bottle-shaped design, with a square base and a cylindrical body, which provides stability and functionality. The interior consists of a square room, with a small opening that allows access to the top. Ancient Korean astronomers likely used Cheomseongdae to study the movement of stars, planets, and other celestial bodies, aiding in the determination of agricultural cycles, religious ceremonies, and other significant events. The observatory’s design showcases a remarkable level of architectural and scientific sophistication for its time.

In addition to its practical applications, Cheomseongdae Observatory holds significant historical value as a testament to the Silla Kingdom’s scientific achievements. It has been recognized as a National Treasure of South Korea and is part of the Gyeongju Historic Areas, a UNESCO World Heritage site. In Autumn, the muhly grass (Muhlenbergia capillaris), turns pink. This ornamental grass is known for its striking, feathery pink or purple plumes that appear in late summer to early fall, typically around September. When in bloom, it creates a breathtaking pinkish cloud-like effect, making it a popular choice for gardens and landscapes.

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